The issue

We couldn't figure out how to run zeit/next.js on Passenger with Nginx. The issue we had was very simple but seemingly unfixable. If you take a look at a very basic but working example of passenger location block in nginx:

location / {
    passenger_enabled on;
    passenger_app_type node;
    passenger_app_root /app;
    passenger_startup_file index.js;
}

You will notice the passenger_startup_file directive that has to point to a file and next.js has to be run with next start to run in production.

Hopeful fix

The first thing we tried was setting passenger_startup_file to the next bin file:

location / {
    passenger_enabled on;
    passenger_app_type node;
    passenger_app_root /app;
    passenger_startup_file ./node_modules/.bin/next;
}

If you try to run this it will work 🎉! But soon we found out that the app is very slow. Now - if you know how to work with next and you remember my statement that the run command is next start you will notice that start is missing! We've been running the app in development mode! Good thing we haven't released to production yet!

The real fix!

const path = require('path');

const nextPath = path.join(__dirname, 'node_modules', '.bin', 'next');

process.argv.length = 1;
process.argv.push(nextPath, 'start');

require(nextPath);

Now if you point passenger to this file it works!

location / {
    passenger_enabled on;
    passenger_app_type node;
    passenger_app_root /app;
    passenger_startup_file index.js;
}

How?

This, very much, is a hack... But it's important to understand how this hack works.

const path = require('path');

// define the path to the next bin (luck has it that it's a node script)
const nextPath = path.join(__dirname, 'node_modules', '.bin', 'next');

// strips away all arguments until it's at `node`
process.argv.length = 1;

// redefining the arguments so it's like we are running `next start`
process.argv.push(nextPath, 'start');

// start the script/bin
require(nextPath);

Proof of concept

You'll find and example next.js app and nginx/passenger setup here: infinum/next-passenger. You'll find a docker image there to test this out with your setup.